Who holds ticker verified against the SEC company list on 2026-09-10 — a reviewed name-and-class mapping row, never an inferred symbol. how tickers are mapped ↗

FISERV INC · COM · quarter ended 2026-03-31 · 16 members disclosed FISV ↗

13F filers reporting this class for the quarter ended 2026-03-31; 1–500 of 1,006 holders are listed, largest first: 1,006
sum of the reported values across every holder; NULL values are excluded, never zero-filled: $24.1B
holders whose share count rose or who opened the position (new + add), by shares: 485
holders absent this quarter after holding last quarter — inferred from absence, not a sale record: 237

Holders — quarter ended 2026-03-31

ranked by reported value · Δ shares vs 2025-12-31 · kind by shares

13F holders of FISV ranked by reported value
#	Filer	Reported value	Shares	Δ shares	Change
1	DODGE & COX	$2.8B	50,260,950	+786,328	ADD
2	BlackRock, Inc.	$2.2B	39,861,316	−2,178,760	TRIM
3	VANGUARD CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC	$1.8B	33,123,138	—	NO PRIOR
4	STATE STREET CORP	$1.3B	23,676,383	+25,004	ADD
5	VANGUARD PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT LLC	$1.2B	21,183,892	—	NO PRIOR
6	HARRIS ASSOCIATES L P	$1.1B	19,737,630	+4,182,927	ADD
7	Capital World Investors	$776M	13,903,314	+9,057,848	ADD
8	GEODE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC	$731M	13,152,278	+380,155	ADD
9	FEDERATED HERMES, INC.	$483M	8,659,018	+4,278,016	ADD
10	MORGAN STANLEY	$443M	7,937,615	−3,944,236	TRIM
11	First Eagle Investment Management, LLC	$418M	7,495,234	+7,495,234	NEW
12	Invesco Ltd.	$362M	6,493,853	+450,532	ADD
13	Amundi	$338M	6,048,759	−6,245,706	TRIM
14	D. E. Shaw & Co., Inc.	$330M	5,907,462	−4,224,815	TRIM
15	HOTCHKIS & WILEY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC	$326M	5,835,003	+3,676,213	ADD
16	FMR LLC	$307M	5,505,295	+3,280,251	ADD
17	FRANKLIN RESOURCES INC	$301M	5,390,409	+2,212,079	ADD
18	NORTHERN TRUST CORP	$297M	5,326,216	−107,207	TRIM
19	JANA Partners Management, LP	$248M	4,435,605	+2,190,085	ADD
20	UBS AM, a distinct business unit of UBS ASSET MANAGEMENT AMERICAS LLC	$239M	4,276,166	−725,259	TRIM
21	DEUTSCHE BANK AG\	$208M	3,722,897	+506	ADD
22	CHARLES SCHWAB INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INC	$207M	3,706,034	+352,056	ADD
23	Legal & General Group Plc	$200M	3,575,497	−159,459	TRIM
24	UBS Group AG	$199M	3,573,920	+327,086	ADD
25	VANGUARD FIDUCIARY TRUST CO	$168M	3,003,224	—	NO PRIOR
26	FIL Ltd	$166M	2,968,614	+110,396	ADD
27	Longview Partners (Guernsey) LTD	$162M	2,902,523	−343,287	TRIM
28	PITTENGER & ANDERSON INC	$161M	2,876,734	−1,765	TRIM
29	AQR CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC	$159M	2,864,442	+1,373,347	ADD
30	DIMENSIONAL FUND ADVISORS LP	$157M	2,816,152	−127,005	TRIM
31	Bank of New York Mellon Corp	$154M	2,754,539	−125,810	TRIM
32	Turtle Creek Asset Management Inc.	$148M	2,643,668	+2,396,167	ADD
33	LAZARD ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC	$143M	2,555,482	+163,325	ADD
34	COOKE & BIELER LP	$140M	2,502,260	+289,254	ADD
35	NORDEA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AB	$124M	2,279,869	+174,262	ADD
36	MAIRS & POWER INC	$120M	2,152,853	+509,603	ADD
37	BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/	$120M	2,142,981	−11,209,534	TRIM
38	Nuveen, LLC	$119M	2,136,255	+357,262	ADD
39	Squarepoint Ops LLC	$111M	1,981,499	+560,760	ADD
40	BRANDES INVESTMENT PARTNERS, LP	$108M	1,927,031	+121,469	ADD
41	Qube Research & Technologies Ltd	$106M	1,893,673	+834,108	ADD
42	AustralianSuper Pty Ltd	$103M	1,845,062	+738,859	ADD
43	SUSQUEHANNA INTERNATIONAL GROUP, LLP	$103M	1,842,195	+982,988	ADD
44	Swiss National Bank	$88.1M	1,578,486	+88,900	ADD
45	Assenagon Asset Management S.A.	$79.1M	1,418,377	+31,344	ADD
46	BARCLAYS PLC	$78.4M	1,404,812	−2,707,691	TRIM
47	PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INC	$78.0M	1,397,853	+204,788	ADD
48	ARROWSTREET CAPITAL, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP	$77.5M	1,389,692	−425,027	TRIM
49	JANE STREET GROUP, LLC	$72.6M	1,301,295	+799,486	ADD
50	Vanguard Global Advisers, LLC	$71.4M	1,279,613	—	NO PRIOR
51	Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Group, Inc.	$68.5M	1,227,443	−74,595	TRIM
52	HSBC HOLDINGS PLC	$68.0M	1,222,112	−1,350,948	TRIM
53	Mitsubishi UFJ Asset Management Co., Ltd.	$67.5M	1,210,033	+62,992	ADD
54	Swedbank AB	$64.0M	1,146,900	+4,708	ADD
55	CITIGROUP INC	$63.4M	1,135,928	+94,685	ADD
56	MASSACHUSETTS FINANCIAL SERVICES CO /MA/	$61.9M	1,092,280	−57,008	TRIM
57	ROYAL BANK OF CANADA	$59.4M	1,063,922	−750,963	TRIM
58	Bank Julius Baer & Co. Ltd, Zurich	$58.1M	1,049,790	−10,605	TRIM
59	ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.	$56.2M	837,201	−171,296	TRIM
60	National Pension Service	$54.9M	984,210	+984,210	NEW
61	Mondrian Investment Partners LTD	$54.7M	979,542	+206,878	ADD
62	Patient Capital Management, LLC	$54.0M	968,194	+709,033	ADD
63	SUMMITRY LLC	$53.0M	949,916	+173,715	ADD
64	NEW YORK STATE COMMON RETIREMENT FUND	$52.0M	931,179	−18,000	TRIM
65	CALIFORNIA PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM	$51.8M	927,715	−119,918	TRIM
66	VANGUARD ASSET MANAGEMENT, Ltd	$51.6M	924,021	—	NO PRIOR
67	Trexquant Investment LP	$49.6M	888,783	+742,919	ADD
68	CANADA PENSION PLAN INVESTMENT BOARD	$46.7M	836,551	−450,950	TRIM
69	NEW SOUTH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC	$45.8M	820,607	−60,915	TRIM
70	LPL Financial LLC	$43.6M	780,782	+18,124	ADD
71	RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL INC	$41.8M	748,802	−549,354	TRIM
72	SEI INVESTMENTS CO	$41.3M	740,056	+271,622	ADD
73	CITADEL ADVISORS LLC	$40.7M	728,630	−1,065,120	TRIM
74	RENAISSANCE TECHNOLOGIES LLC	$37.3M	668,227	+543,900	ADD
75	PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL GROUP INC	$35.8M	641,811	+12,777	ADD
76	Invenomic Capital Management LP	$34.9M	624,991	+337,725	ADD
77	OFI INVEST ASSET MANAGEMENT	$34.0M	701,697	+377,300	ADD
78	BNP Paribas Asset Management Holding S.A.	$33.1M	593,844	−433,344	TRIM
79	MILFORD FUNDS LTD	$32.8M	588,000	−20,215	TRIM
80	Quantinno Capital Management LP	$31.6M	565,689	−80,362	TRIM
81	Junto Capital Management LP	$31.6M	565,523	+565,523	NEW
82	Prana Capital Management, LP	$31.4M	563,455	+399,113	ADD
83	Gotham Asset Management, LLC	$30.6M	548,284	+112,360	ADD
84	Birch Hill Investment Advisors LLC	$29.5M	529,103	+41,408	ADD
85	MANUFACTURERS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE	$28.8M	515,643	+136,293	ADD
86	BANK OF MONTREAL /CAN/	$28.7M	514,272	+10,888	ADD
87	WELCH & FORBES LLC	$28.3M	506,394	−50,990	TRIM
88	WELLS FARGO & COMPANY/MN	$28.0M	501,314	−123,998	TRIM
89	AVIVA PLC	$27.6M	495,244	+14,380	ADD
90	Danica Pension, Livsforsikringsaktieselskab	$27.3M	488,383	−364,752	TRIM
91	ADAGE CAPITAL PARTNERS GP, L.L.C.	$26.9M	481,581	−3,700	TRIM
92	MILLENNIUM MANAGEMENT LLC	$26.7M	479,075	−1,295,135	TRIM
93	STATE BOARD OF ADMINISTRATION OF FLORIDA RETIREMENT SYSTEM	$26.6M	476,198	−185	TRIM
94	CAPITOLIS LIQUID GLOBAL MARKETS LLC	$25.0M	447,623	−1,251,327	TRIM
95	ARIEL INVESTMENTS, LLC	$24.1M	432,559	+111,534	ADD
96	Aberdeen Group plc	$23.1M	413,497	−22,093	TRIM
97	Korea Investment CORP	$22.9M	409,810	−48,756	TRIM
98	BLAIR WILLIAM & CO/IL	$22.7M	407,135	−161,449	TRIM
99	America First Investment Advisors, LLC	$22.4M	401,390	+28,411	ADD
100	TWO SIGMA INVESTMENTS, LP	$22.3M	399,822	−1,018,075	TRIM
101	FORA Capital, LLC	$21.1M	377,913	+176,957	ADD
102	Capital Research Global Investors	$20.8M	373,129	−981	TRIM
103	Creative Planning	$20.3M	363,934	+144,875	ADD
104	Cornerstone Investment Partners, LLC	$20.0M	358,781	−10,400	TRIM
105	APG Asset Management N.V.	$19.8M	408,085	−22,721	TRIM
106	STATE OF WISCONSIN INVESTMENT BOARD	$19.3M	345,028	+63,657	ADD
107	United Super Pty Ltd in its capacity as Trustee for the Construction & Building Unions Superannuation Fund	$19.2M	343,943	0	NO CHANGE
108	Universal- Beteiligungs- und Servicegesellschaft mbH	$18.8M	330,767	+2,759	ADD
109	NORTH STAR ASSET MANAGEMENT INC	$18.6M	333,602	+24,132	ADD
110	AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INC	$18.3M	327,276	+47,066	ADD
111	DANSKE BANK A/S	$17.9M	320,790	−10,860	TRIM
112	DISCOVERY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC / CT	$17.3M	309,600	+50,500	ADD
113	STIFEL FINANCIAL CORP	$17.1M	306,806	+73,236	ADD
114	TORONTO DOMINION BANK	$17.1M	306,479	−95,485	TRIM
115	Mariner, LLC	$17.0M	305,308	+128,304	ADD
116	ENVESTNET ASSET MANAGEMENT INC	$17.0M	305,108	+122,813	ADD
117	Ensign Peak Advisors, Inc	$16.8M	301,118	−152,373	TRIM
118	Pictet Asset Management Holding SA	$16.8M	300,691	−171,156	TRIM
119	PFA Pension, Forsikringsaktieselskab	$16.4M	294,339	+294,339	NEW
120	NICHOLS & PRATT ADVISERS LLP /MA	$16.0M	286,796	−18,886	TRIM
121	Applied Finance Capital Management, LLC	$15.9M	284,125	+127,342	ADD
122	Corus Family Wealth Advisors	$15.4M	276,691	−2,001	TRIM
123	TD ASSET MANAGEMENT INC	$15.2M	273,112	−4,324	TRIM
124	Saudi Central Bank	$15.1M	271,045	+19,628	ADD
125	Chevy Chase Trust Holdings, LLC	$15.1M	270,960	−4,995	TRIM
126	Trajan Wealth LLC	$15.1M	269,812	+42,334	ADD
127	Vanguard Investments Australia, Ltd.	$14.9M	267,332	—	NO PRIOR
128	MIRAE ASSET GLOBAL ETFS HOLDINGS Ltd.	$14.5M	259,048	+124,011	ADD
129	Redwood Grove Capital, LLC	$14.4M	257,632	+67,800	ADD
130	ROYAL LONDON ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD	$14.2M	254,707	0	NO CHANGE
131	Marble Harbor Investment Counsel, LLC	$14.2M	253,721	+1,733	ADD
132	VICTORY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC	$14.0M	250,302	+6,662	ADD
133	MOUNTAIN PACIFIC INVESTMENT ADVISERS LLC	$13.8M	248,102	−3,715	TRIM
134	Connor, Clark & Lunn Investment Management Ltd.	$13.6M	243,425	−18,759	TRIM
135	BALYASNY ASSET MANAGEMENT L.P.	$13.3M	238,119	+226,135	ADD
136	WORLDQUANT MILLENNIUM ADVISORS LLC	$13.2M	236,063	−2,549,780	TRIM
137	BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA	$13.1M	234,718	−746,286	TRIM
138	Asset Management One Co., Ltd.	$13.1M	234,551	−1,943	TRIM
139	Quadrature Capital Ltd	$13.1M	234,270	−950,844	TRIM
140	Two Point Capital Management, Inc.	$13.0M	233,199	+131,337	ADD
141	Cerity Partners LLC	$13.0M	232,241	+44,725	ADD
142	Mitsubishi UFJ Trust & Banking Corp	$12.7M	227,509	−1,279	TRIM
143	Gator Capital Management, LLC	$12.7M	226,780	+221,625	ADD
144	Running Oak Capital LLC	$12.5M	224,675	+70,334	ADD
145	Poehling Capital Management, INC.	$12.5M	224,501	+17,845	ADD
146	COMMERCE BANK	$12.5M	223,236	+56,962	ADD
147	KLP KAPITALFORVALTNING AS	$12.4M	221,936	0	NO CHANGE
148	Varma Mutual Pension Insurance Co	$12.1M	216,131	0	NO CHANGE
149	Swiss Life Asset Management Ltd	$12.0M	214,189	+14,031	ADD
150	PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF OHIO	$11.9M	212,747	−914	TRIM
151	IEQ CAPITAL, LLC	$11.7M	209,902	+153,834	ADD
152	Zurcher Kantonalbank (Zurich Cantonalbank)	$11.7M	209,861	+209,861	NEW
153	Aquatic Capital Management LLC	$11.7M	209,560	−509,476	TRIM
154	Focus Partners Wealth	$11.0M	196,523	+72,818	ADD
155	NOMURA ASSET MANAGEMENT CO LTD	$11.0M	196,718	+8,160	ADD
156	FIRST TRUST ADVISORS LP	$10.9M	195,202	+95,208	ADD
157	NISA INVESTMENT ADVISORS, LLC	$10.8M	194,427	+16,311	ADD
158	COLRAIN CAPITAL LLC	$10.7M	191,915	+120,545	ADD
159	Corient Private Wealth LLC	$10.4M	187,342	−233,199	TRIM
160	Lansforsakringar Fondforvaltning AB (publ)	$10.2M	182,456	+3,906	ADD
161	State of New Jersey Common Pension Fund D	$10.1M	181,142	−11,749	TRIM
162	COERENTE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT	$10.1M	180,310	+77,984	ADD
163	AGF MANAGEMENT LTD	$10.0M	178,841	−37,921	TRIM
164	Y-Intercept (Hong Kong) Ltd	$9.9M	177,037	+146,666	ADD
165	Optiver Holding B.V.	$9.9M	177,008	+177,008	NEW
166	EXCHANGE TRADED CONCEPTS, LLC	$9.9M	176,533	+161,509	ADD
167	CIBC Bancorp USA Inc.	$9.8M	176,497	—	NO PRIOR
168	Baird Financial Group, Inc.	$9.8M	175,787	+175,787	NEW
169	CREDIT AGRICOLE S A	$9.8M	174,972	−12,200	TRIM
170	ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP	$9.7M	173,192	+16,852	ADD
171	US BANCORP \DE\	$9.6M	171,981	−42,347	TRIM
172	Resona Asset Management Co.,Ltd.	$9.5M	170,656	+1,654	ADD
173	Cetera Investment Advisers	$9.2M	165,723	+78,219	ADD
174	Taikang Asset Management (Hong Kong) Co Ltd	$9.2M	164,057	+41,408	ADD
175	Venator Management LLC	$9.1M	162,965	+87,580	ADD
176	PRUDENTIAL PLC	$8.8M	158,287	+11,504	ADD
177	FIFTH THIRD BANCORP	$8.7M	155,075	+88,657	ADD
178	STATE OF MICHIGAN RETIREMENT SYSTEM	$8.4M	150,634	−300	TRIM
179	Tredje AP-fonden	$8.4M	150,610	+150,610	NEW
180	Czech National Bank	$8.2M	146,482	+4,658	ADD
181	Arizona State Retirement System	$8.2M	146,146	−8,020	TRIM
182	FJARDE AP-FONDEN /FOURTH SWEDISH NATIONAL PENSION FUND	$8.1M	145,933	+50,550	ADD
183	Schonfeld Strategic Advisors LLC	$8.1M	144,551	+42,719	ADD
184	DUDLEY & SHANLEY, INC.	$8.0M	143,923	0	NO CHANGE
185	NORTH POINT PORTFOLIO MANAGERS CORP/OH	$8.0M	142,610	+3,233	ADD
186	CHOREO, LLC	$7.9M	141,826	+3	ADD
187	SCHWERIN BOYLE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC	$7.9M	141,718	−17,082	TRIM
188	Hemenway Trust Co LLC	$7.9M	141,132	−51,000	TRIM
189	MCRAE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC	$7.8M	140,474	+47,570	ADD
190	Jain Global LLC	$7.7M	138,657	+24,887	ADD
191	MACKENZIE FINANCIAL CORP	$7.5M	133,623	+30,992	ADD
192	MetLife Investment Management, LLC	$7.4M	132,303	−3,717	TRIM
193	Rafferty Asset Management, LLC	$7.3M	130,763	−33,310	TRIM
194	CIBC Asset Management Inc	$7.3M	130,437	+1,282	ADD
195	Holocene Advisors, LP	$7.2M	129,271	−1,300,729	TRIM
196	Tidal Investments LLC	$7.1M	128,619	+54,912	ADD
197	Man Group plc	$7.1M	126,446	−231,204	TRIM
198	Stanley Capital Management, LLC	$7.0M	125,559	0	NO CHANGE
199	COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA PUBLIC SCHOOL EMPLS RETRMT SYS	$7.0M	125,289	+182	ADD
200	Longaeva Partners L.P.	$6.9M	123,042	+123,042	NEW
201	Callan Family Office, LLC	$6.6M	119,111	+90,203	ADD
202	HUDSON EDGE INVESTMENT PARTNERS INC.	$6.6M	118,898	+18,483	ADD
203	Atlantic Union Bankshares Corp	$6.6M	118,614	+4,162	ADD
204	Blume Capital Management, Inc.	$6.6M	117,952	+55,042	ADD
205	Mirae Asset Global Investments Co., Ltd.	$6.4M	115,336	+17,241	ADD
206	DnB Asset Management AS	$6.4M	114,968	−29,857	TRIM
207	Retirement Systems of Alabama	$6.4M	114,217	−202	TRIM
208	Calamos Advisors LLC	$6.3M	113,201	0	NO CHANGE
209	MERCER GLOBAL ADVISORS INC /ADV	$6.3M	113,004	+40,190	ADD
210	THOMPSON INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.	$6.3M	112,581	+25,106	ADD
211	IFM Investors Pty Ltd	$6.2M	111,589	+6,882	ADD
212	SEB Asset Management AB	$6.2M	111,284	—	NO PRIOR
213	Dorsey & Whitney Trust CO LLC	$6.2M	110,974	+5,880	ADD
214	TOTH FINANCIAL ADVISORY CORP	$6.2M	110,683	−30,652	TRIM
215	Madison Asset Management, LLC	$6.2M	110,600	+31,100	ADD
216	XPONANCE LLC	$6.2M	110,525	+11,819	ADD
217	STALEY CAPITAL ADVISERS INC	$6.1M	110,159	−17,615	TRIM
218	NATIXIS	$6.1M	109,241	−54,425	TRIM
219	GROUP ONE TRADING LLC	$6.1M	108,806	−28,214	TRIM
220	ProShare Advisors LLC	$6.1M	108,774	−9,881	TRIM
221	CIBC WORLD MARKET INC.	$6.1M	108,451	+7,495	ADD
222	INTECH INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC	$5.9M	105,363	−332,740	TRIM
223	Woodline Partners LP	$5.9M	105,347	+13,474	ADD
224	Sovereign's Capital Management, LLC	$5.8M	104,416	+4,470	ADD
225	Quinn Opportunity Partners LLC	$5.8M	103,493	0	NO CHANGE
226	WEALTH ENHANCEMENT ADVISORY SERVICES, LLC	$5.7M	106,236	+23,861	ADD
227	Intrinsic Edge Capital Management LLC	$5.6M	100,400	+50,000	ADD
228	CWM, LLC	$5.6M	100,347	+58,730	ADD
229	Marks Group Wealth Management, Inc	$5.6M	100,047	+55,318	ADD
230	Daiwa Securities Group Inc.	$5.6M	99,962	+3,312	ADD
231	Robertson Opportunity Capital, LLC	$5.6M	99,711	0	NO CHANGE
232	USS Investment Management Ltd	$5.5M	98,137	+2,307	ADD
233	PUBLIC SECTOR PENSION INVESTMENT BOARD	$5.4M	96,346	−395,668	TRIM
234	M&T BANK CORP	$5.3M	95,326	−1,277	TRIM
235	VOYA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC	$5.1M	91,797	−19	TRIM
236	ExodusPoint Capital Management, LP	$5.1M	90,845	−111,135	TRIM
237	FARMERS & MERCHANTS INVESTMENTS INC	$5.1M	90,586	+1,696	ADD
238	Eurizon Capital SGR S.p.A.	$4.9M	88,373	−12,775	TRIM
239	OSAIC HOLDINGS, INC.	$4.9M	87,512	−4,687	TRIM
240	Utah Retirement Systems	$4.9M	86,985	−2,086	TRIM
241	FARALLON CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.L.C.	$4.8M	86,000	—	NO PRIOR
242	KLCM Advisors, Inc.	$4.7M	84,714	+49,974	ADD
243	ROMANO BROTHERS AND COMPANY	$4.7M	84,686	+15,883	ADD
244	IMC-Chicago, LLC	$4.7M	84,468	−81,142	TRIM
245	Legal Advantage Investments, Inc.	$4.7M	84,080	+8,000	ADD
246	TAM Capital Management Inc.	$4.6M	82,809	+43,158	ADD
247	Edgestream Partners, L.P.	$4.5M	81,099	+16,831	ADD
248	CLOVERFIELDS CAPITAL GROUP, LP	$4.5M	80,774	+1,078	ADD
249	Hillman Capital Management, Inc.	$4.5M	80,728	+42,352	ADD
250	NEOS Investment Management LLC	$4.5M	80,419	+2,117	ADD
251	NEW YORK LIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC	$4.5M	79,756	+1,584	ADD
252	Broderick Brian C	$4.4M	78,826	−2,611	TRIM
253	ING GROEP NV	$4.4M	78,028	−86,248	TRIM
254	Rakuten Investment Management, Inc.	$4.4M	79,823	+8,826	ADD
255	Kestra Advisory Services, LLC	$4.3M	76,593	+21,363	ADD
256	BRADLEY FOSTER & SARGENT INC/CT	$4.3M	76,342	−16,491	TRIM
257	EXENCIAL WEALTH ADVISORS, LLC	$4.2M	76,160	+14,006	ADD
258	Marex Group Ltd	$4.2M	75,851	+8,834	ADD
259	Vident Advisory, LLC	$4.1M	74,361	+5,927	ADD
260	BRITISH COLUMBIA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT Corp	$4.1M	74,133	−22,162	TRIM
261	1832 Asset Management L.P.	$4.1M	73,727	−53,510	TRIM
262	BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.	$4.1M	73,466	−5,187	TRIM
263	Sumitomo Mitsui DS Asset Management Company, Ltd	$4.1M	73,158	+13	ADD
264	Quantbot Technologies LP	$4.0M	72,294	+14,146	ADD
265	ASSETMARK, INC	$4.0M	71,758	+8,991	ADD
266	Bragg Financial Advisors, Inc	$4.0M	71,552	+13,301	ADD
267	STOREBRAND ASSET MANAGEMENT AS	$4.0M	71,059	—	NO PRIOR
268	Monaco Asset Management SAM	$3.9M	70,000	+60,000	ADD
269	NISSAY ASSET MANAGEMENT CORP /JAPAN	$3.9M	69,770	+264	ADD
270	CONTINENTAL ADVISORS LLC	$3.9M	69,000	+69,000	NEW
271	BUCKHEAD CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC	$3.8M	68,362	+19,584	ADD
272	Saranac Partners Ltd	$3.8M	68,340	+22,088	ADD
273	SCOTIA CAPITAL INC.	$3.8M	68,112	+64,921	ADD
274	Inlet Private Wealth, LLC	$3.8M	67,860	+7,025	ADD
275	JB Capital LLC	$3.8M	67,492	+2,519	ADD
276	HighTower Advisors, LLC	$3.8M	67,426	+7,605	ADD
277	BROOKTREE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT	$3.7M	67,058	+26,989	ADD
278	Rockefeller Capital Management L.P.	$3.7M	66,135	−284	TRIM
279	JACOBS LEVY EQUITY MANAGEMENT, INC	$3.7M	66,114	−8,933	TRIM
280	COMMONWEALTH EQUITY SERVICES, LLC	$3.7M	65,451	−22,165	TRIM
281	Janus Henderson Group Ltd.	$3.6M	64,455	−4,878	TRIM
282	D.A. DAVIDSON & CO.	$3.6M	64,339	+13,441	ADD
283	SMITHBRIDGE ASSET MANAGEMENT INC/DE	$3.6M	63,630	−60,570	TRIM
284	Candriam S.C.A.	$3.5M	63,552	−355	TRIM
285	Generali Asset Management SPA SGR	$3.5M	63,479	+15,636	ADD
286	LETSON INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.	$3.5M	62,924	−4,635	TRIM
287	PRESCOTT GROUP CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.L.C.	$3.5M	62,564	0	NO CHANGE
288	Vanguard Personalized Indexing Management, LLC	$3.5M	62,108	+2,738	ADD
289	OREGON PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT FUND	$3.4M	61,634	+100	ADD
290	Kidder Stephen W	$3.4M	60,980	−5,652	TRIM
291	AUXIER ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC	$3.4M	60,465	+12,500	ADD
292	YOUSIF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC	$3.3M	59,672	−212	TRIM
293	Pathstone Holdings, LLC	$3.3M	58,846	−226	TRIM
294	Robeco Institutional Asset Management B.V.	$3.3M	58,747	−2,688	TRIM
295	SIH Partners, LLLP	$3.2M	58,018	+58,018	NEW
296	Buttonwood Financial Advisors Inc.	$3.2M	57,234	−950	TRIM
297	MUTUAL OF AMERICA CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC	$3.2M	57,211	−544	TRIM
298	O'SHAUGHNESSY ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC	$3.2M	56,597	+6,201	ADD
299	Ethic Inc.	$3.2M	56,565	−29,709	TRIM
300	UniSuper Management Pty Ltd	$3.2M	56,474	+598	ADD
301	OP Asset Management Ltd	$3.1M	55,831	—	NO PRIOR
302	TWINBEECH CAPITAL LP	$3.0M	54,412	+43,186	ADD
303	BALDWIN WEALTH PARTNERS LLC/MA	$3.0M	53,840	−4,913	TRIM
304	Dana Investment Advisors, Inc.	$3.0M	52,940	−37,779	TRIM
305	KEYBANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION/OH	$2.9M	52,438	−31,899	TRIM
306	Triad Investment Management	$2.9M	52,011	+42,521	ADD
307	Empirical Financial Services, LLC d.b.a. Empirical Wealth Management	$2.9M	51,688	+9,446	ADD
308	Vontobel Holding Ltd.	$2.9M	51,357	+6,785	ADD
309	Gilman Hill Asset Management, LLC	$2.8M	50,433	+30,887	ADD
310	SOMERVILLE KURT F	$2.8M	49,740	−42,139	TRIM
311	CAXTON ASSOCIATES LLP	$2.8M	49,353	−11,760	TRIM
312	Caprock Group, LLC	$2.7M	48,851	+8,953	ADD
313	Curi Capital, LLC	$2.7M	48,268	+2,548	ADD
314	HEADINVEST, LLC	$2.7M	47,948	−7,047	TRIM
315	TD Waterhouse Canada Inc.	$2.6M	47,681	+26,440	ADD
316	Delaney Dennis R	$2.6M	47,130	+5,390	ADD
317	Altrafin AG	$2.6M	46,414	+4,624	ADD
318	OpenArc Corporate Advisory, LLC	$2.6M	46,359	+11,227	ADD
319	Investment Management Corp of Ontario	$2.6M	46,244	+1,600	ADD
320	MONARCH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC	$2.5M	45,576	+4,215	ADD
321	Wealthfront Advisers LLC	$2.5M	45,571	−9,303	TRIM
322	MML INVESTORS SERVICES, LLC	$2.5M	44,739	+2,065	ADD
323	Walleye Trading LLC	$2.5M	44,586	−78,524	TRIM
324	Robinson Value Management, Ltd.	$2.5M	44,278	−734	TRIM
325	PUZO MICHAEL J	$2.5M	43,973	−17,115	TRIM
326	M&G Plc	$2.4M	43,651	+1,396	ADD
327	MACQUARIE GROUP LTD	$2.4M	43,780	−148,712	TRIM
328	MONTAG A & ASSOCIATES INC	$2.3M	42,021	−2,957	TRIM
329	BAHL & GAYNOR INC	$2.3M	41,651	−1,546	TRIM
330	Chesley Taft & Associates LLC	$2.3M	41,238	−115	TRIM
331	ASR Vermogensbeheer N.V.	$2.3M	40,767	+654	ADD
332	Legacy Private Trust Co.	$2.3M	40,567	−29,299	TRIM
333	NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL WEALTH MANAGEMENT CO	$2.3M	40,405	−4,495	TRIM
334	Osmosis Investment Management UK Ltd	$2.2M	40,204	+703	ADD
335	WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT GROUP LLP	$2.2M	40,184	+1,996	ADD
336	Federation des caisses Desjardins du Quebec	$2.2M	39,570	+2,654	ADD
337	Savant Capital, LLC	$2.2M	39,534	+490	ADD
338	BUILDER INVESTMENT GROUP INC /ADV	$2.2M	39,469	−4,587	TRIM
339	TRUIST FINANCIAL CORP	$2.2M	39,288	−1,434	TRIM
340	Hills Bank & Trust Co	$2.2M	39,218	−2,226	TRIM
341	Vinva Investment Management Ltd	$2.2M	39,933	−3,960	TRIM
342	ZWJ INVESTMENT COUNSEL INC	$2.2M	38,901	+21,911	ADD
343	WASATCH ADVISORS LP	$2.2M	38,837	+12,837	ADD
344	BENJAMIN EDWARDS INC	$2.1M	38,205	+9,632	ADD
345	Redmond Asset Management, LLC	$2.1M	37,715	−1,855	TRIM
346	Leonteq Securities AG	$2.1M	36,780	+1,939	ADD
347	HARBER ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC	$2.0M	36,224	−121,627	TRIM
348	World Investment Advisors	$2.0M	35,590	−21,466	TRIM
349	Mork Capital Management, LLC	$2.0M	35,000	+35,000	NEW
350	QRG CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.	$1.9M	34,932	+16,172	ADD
351	Murphy Pohlad Asset Management LLC	$1.9M	34,753	+9,950	ADD
352	Freestone Capital Holdings, LLC	$1.9M	34,407	−18,379	TRIM
353	Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc.	$1.9M	33,973	+7,903	ADD
354	HEALTHCARE OF ONTARIO PENSION PLAN TRUST FUND	$1.9M	33,795	−1,815,772	TRIM
355	SCHRODER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT GROUP	$1.9M	33,747	−100,195	TRIM
356	Machina Capital S.A.S.	$1.9M	33,279	+1,857	ADD
357	Core Alternative Capital	$1.9M	33,188	+17,734	ADD
358	OCCUDO QUANTITATIVE STRATEGIES LP	$1.8M	29,516	−16,231	TRIM
359	Norinchukin Bank, The	$1.8M	32,870	+14	ADD
360	Callahan Advisors, LLC	$1.8M	32,838	+4,170	ADD
361	Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC	$1.8M	32,736	+32,736	NEW
362	MIZUHO SECURITIES USA LLC	$1.8M	32,516	−6,647	TRIM
363	Verdence Capital Advisors LLC	$1.8M	32,436	+11,328	ADD
364	JONES FINANCIAL COMPANIES LLLP	$1.8M	32,272	+1,360	ADD
365	AMERICAN CENTURY COMPANIES INC	$1.8M	32,161	−48,546	TRIM
366	Fisher Funds Management LTD	$1.8M	32,022	0	NO CHANGE
367	Empowered Funds, LLC	$1.8M	31,767	+31,767	NEW
368	INVESTMENT HOUSE LLC	$1.8M	31,535	+31,535	NEW
369	Advisors Asset Management, Inc.	$1.8M	31,504	−10,373	TRIM
370	ALBERT D MASON INC	$1.8M	31,403	+11,302	ADD
371	&PARTNERS	$1.8M	31,389	+816	ADD
372	Capital International Sarl	$1.7M	30,793	+23,155	ADD
373	HARTFORD INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CO	$1.7M	30,696	−366	TRIM
374	Taylor Financial Group, Inc.	$1.7M	30,490	+2,644	ADD
375	UNITED CAPITAL FINANCIAL ADVISORS, LLC	$1.7M	30,395	+30,395	NEW
376	WP Advisors, LLC	$1.7M	30,307	+30,307	NEW
377	HB Wealth Management, LLC	$1.7M	30,299	+4,629	ADD
378	NewEdge Advisors, LLC	$1.7M	29,894	+29,894	NEW
379	Sagewood Asset Management LP	$1.7M	29,785	−10,466	TRIM
380	Nationale-Nederlanden Powszechne Towarzystwo Emerytalne S.A.	$1.6M	29,423	0	NO CHANGE
381	Fairbanks Capital Management, Inc.	$1.6M	29,414	+1,158	ADD
382	Perennial Advisors, LLC	$1.6M	29,333	−2,060	TRIM
383	Summit Trail Advisors, LLC	$1.6M	29,159	−8,732	TRIM
384	Merit Financial Group, LLC	$1.6M	27,879	+7,243	ADD
385	Badgley Phelps Wealth Managers, LLC	$1.5M	27,695	−32,631	TRIM
386	Brooklyn Investment Group	$1.5M	27,547	+3,674	ADD
387	Atria Investments, Inc	$1.5M	27,526	+16,495	ADD
388	AG2R LA MONDIALE GESTION D'ACTIFS	$1.5M	27,305	+1,581	ADD
389	OMERS ADMINISTRATION Corp	$1.5M	27,186	+5,792	ADD
390	Maryland State Retirement & Pension System	$1.5M	27,115	0	NO CHANGE
391	Equitable Holdings, Inc.	$1.5M	22,547	+5,199	ADD
392	LB Partners LLC	$1.5M	27,000	+27,000	NEW
393	GUGGENHEIM CAPITAL LLC	$1.5M	26,861	+1,525	ADD
394	Crossmark Global Holdings, Inc.	$1.5M	26,795	—	NO PRIOR
395	Allspring Global Investments Holdings, LLC	$1.5M	26,844	−1,641	TRIM
396	EAGLE ROCK INVESTMENT COMPANY, LLC	$1.5M	26,581	−12,231	TRIM
397	OPPENHEIMER & CO INC	$1.5M	26,384	−1,945	TRIM
398	B. Metzler seel. Sohn & Co. AG	$1.5M	26,076	−488	TRIM
399	Cascade Investment Advisors, Inc.	$1.4M	25,914	+5,004	ADD
400	READYSTATE ASSET MANAGEMENT LP	$1.4M	25,897	+19,090	ADD
401	Sequoia Financial Advisors, LLC	$1.4M	25,696	−4,023	TRIM
402	Allianz Asset Management GmbH	$1.4M	25,588	−303,134	TRIM
403	SouthState Bank Corp	$1.4M	25,491	−57	TRIM
404	NEXPOINT ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.	$1.4M	25,000	0	NO CHANGE
405	CenterBook Partners LP	$1.3M	24,125	+24,125	NEW
406	FULTON BANK, N.A.	$1.3M	24,106	+8,876	ADD
407	Lido Advisors, LLC	$1.3M	24,099	−13,798	TRIM
408	NATIONAL BANK OF CANADA /FI/	$1.3M	23,945	+4,224	ADD
409	FIDUCIARY TRUST CO	$1.3M	23,840	−2,829	TRIM
410	Numerai GP LLC	$1.3M	23,652	−26,053	TRIM
411	Linden Thomas Advisory Services, LLC	$1.3M	23,415	+2,137	ADD
412	Metis Global Partners, LLC	$1.3M	23,278	−2,418	TRIM
413	Brevan Howard Capital Management LP	$1.3M	23,277	−11,416	TRIM
414	Laurion Capital Management LP	$1.3M	23,171	+23,171	NEW
415	PEAK6 LLC	$1.3M	22,807	+12,099	ADD
416	Bleakley Financial Group, LLC	$1.3M	22,646	−12,791	TRIM
417	TOKIO MARINE ASSET MANAGEMENT CO LTD	$1.3M	22,570	+181	ADD
418	LGT Group Foundation	$1.2M	22,139	+692	ADD
419	Private Advisor Group, LLC	$1.2M	22,126	+4,911	ADD
420	MUFG Securities EMEA plc	$1.2M	22,050	0	NO CHANGE
421	Independent Advisor Alliance	$1.2M	22,000	−626	TRIM
422	ABN AMRO INVESTMENT SOLUTIONS	$1.2M	21,487	−4,663	TRIM
423	Palouse Capital Management, Inc.	$1.2M	21,170	+599	ADD
424	GLENMEDE TRUST CO NA	$1.2M	21,082	+5,986	ADD
425	Avior Wealth Management, LLC	$1.2M	20,669	+2,926	ADD
426	Elefante Mark B	$1.2M	20,616	−2,145	TRIM
427	NOMURA HOLDINGS INC	$1.1M	20,566	−405,102	TRIM
428	Dai-ichi Life Insurance Company, Ltd	$1.1M	20,417	−4,606	TRIM
429	Illinois Municipal Retirement Fund	$1.1M	20,063	−3,717	TRIM
430	RBF Capital, LLC	$1.1M	20,000	+12,000	ADD
431	Empirical Finance, LLC	$1.1M	19,974	−54	TRIM
432	HUNTINGTON NATIONAL BANK	$1.1M	19,809	+19,809	NEW
433	COLDSTREAM CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC	$1.1M	19,716	+7,428	ADD
434	Banque Cantonale Vaudoise	$1.1M	19,715	−3,124	TRIM
435	Richard W. Paul & Associates, LLC	$1.1M	19,606	−155	TRIM
436	Stelac Advisory Services LLC	$1.1M	19,886	+19,886	NEW
437	Chicago Capital, LLC	$1.1M	19,471	−114	TRIM
438	VARCOV Co.	$1.1M	19,265	+19,265	NEW
439	MAI Capital Management	$1.1M	19,260	+1,111	ADD
440	E. Ohman J:or Asset Management AB	$1.0M	18,781	−2,220	TRIM
441	WHITEBOX ADVISORS LLC	$1.0M	18,702	+3,400	ADD
442	Siemens Fonds Invest GmbH	$1.0M	18,642	−20	TRIM
443	BROWN ADVISORY INC	$1.0M	18,494	−12,682	TRIM
444	Clearstead Advisors, LLC	$1.0M	18,156	−1,184	TRIM
445	TECTONIC ADVISORS LLC	$1.0M	18,151	+4,037	ADD
446	Concurrent Investment Advisors, LLC	$988K	17,712	+968	ADD
447	Glenview Trust Co	$982K	17,591	−3,060	TRIM
448	Laird Norton Wetherby Trust Company, LLC	$979K	17,540	−169	TRIM
449	PATTON ALBERTSON MILLER GROUP, LLC	$977K	17,503	−3,411	TRIM
450	Fairtree Asset Management (Pty) Ltd	$968K	17,351	−1,637	TRIM
451	HM PAYSON & CO	$966K	17,303	−300	TRIM
452	NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT COMPANY, LLC	$960K	17,210	+24	ADD
453	Fragasso Financial Advisors Inc	$959K	17,020	+17,020	NEW
454	WEALTHEDGE INVESTMENT ADVISORS, LLC	$958K	17,170	+1,812	ADD
455	CAMBIENT FAMILY OFFICE, LLC	$954K	17,096	+291	ADD
456	INTREPID CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC	$951K	17,038	0	NO CHANGE
457	Ellenbecker Investment Group	$948K	16,988	−316	TRIM
458	Sanctuary Advisors, LLC	$943K	16,908	+2,085	ADD
459	Diversified Trust Co	$942K	16,884	+1,554	ADD
460	EVERGREEN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC	$926K	16,600	+8,756	ADD
461	Dempze Nancy E	$922K	16,520	−4,003	TRIM
462	WOODLEY FARRA MANION PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT INC	$907K	16,260	−14,435	TRIM
463	Havemeyer Place LP	$902K	16,163	−39,509	TRIM
464	Cannon Capital Management, Inc.	$899K	16,112	+16,112	NEW
465	AMG National Trust Bank	$894K	16,020	+1,000	ADD
466	Krane Funds Advisors LLC	$874K	15,500	+2,300	ADD
467	Argyle Capital Management, LLC	$871K	15,614	0	NO CHANGE
468	Portfolio Design Labs, LLC	$864K	15,491	+5,912	ADD
469	WEBSTER BANK, N. A.	$864K	15,479	−3,947	TRIM
470	North Dakota State Investment Board	$863K	15,470	−3,079	TRIM
471	PANAGORA ASSET MANAGEMENT INC	$859K	15,397	0	NO CHANGE
472	New Age Alpha Advisors, LLC	$854K	15,296	+15,296	NEW
473	Trinity Financial Advisors LLC	$853K	15,283	+5,962	ADD
474	Counterpoint Mutual Funds LLC	$853K	15,281	−39,360	TRIM
475	SAXON INTERESTS, INC.	$849K	15,215	+15,215	NEW
476	Orion Porfolio Solutions, LLC	$848K	15,200	−2,254	TRIM
477	Choate Investment Advisors	$843K	15,105	−22,698	TRIM
478	Ascent Group, LLC	$839K	15,039	+6,046	ADD
479	AMI INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INC	$831K	14,886	−2,158	TRIM
480	MUFG SECURITIES AMERICAS INC.	$830K	14,883	+393	ADD
481	PEDDOCK CAPITAL ADVISORS, LLC	$830K	14,880	−1,970	TRIM
482	Morningstar Investment Management LLC	$824K	14,762	+1,505	ADD
483	Retirement Planning Co of New England, Inc.	$820K	14,688	+6,938	ADD
484	SECURIAN ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC	$810K	14,525	−100	TRIM
485	Baader Bank Aktiengesellschaft	$809K	14,539	+6,921	ADD
486	SteelPeak Wealth, LLC	$807K	14,464	+14,464	NEW
487	Berger Financial Group, Inc	$797K	14,282	−2,536	TRIM
488	Atlantic Edge Private Wealth Management, LLC	$796K	14,270	−820	TRIM
489	J. Safra Sarasin Holding AG	$791K	14,189	+228	ADD
490	Lombard Odier Asset Management (Switzerland) SA	$769K	13,778	−1,474	TRIM
491	PRINCIPAL SECURITIES, INC.	$767K	13,745	+2,947	ADD
492	INTEGRAL INVESTMENT ADVISORS, INC.	$761K	13,645	−13,666	TRIM
493	Central Pacific Bank - Trust Division	$749K	13,425	+100	ADD
494	Focus Financial Network, Inc.	$747K	13,389	+323	ADD
495	Mystic Asset Management, Inc.	$746K	13,365	+5,725	ADD
496	Hardy Reed LLC	$741K	13,278	0	NO CHANGE
497	U.S. Capital Wealth Advisors, LLC	$741K	13,275	+3,937	ADD
498	Waverly Advisors, LLC	$738K	13,228	+1,344	ADD
499	Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB	$737K	13,207	−5,860	TRIM
500	Robertson Stephens Wealth Management, LLC	$733K	13,140	−500	TRIM

Newest filing in this build: 2026-07-31. Per-row filing dates are on each receipt.

Congress ↔ notable managers · FISV

who in Congress disclosed purchases or sales beside which notable managers added or trimmed

Congress · last 90 days

Buyers: 2 Alan Armstrong R–OK, Julie Johnson D–TX-32 $2K–$30K
Sellers: 2 John Boozman R–AR, Julie Johnson D–TX-32 $2K–$30K

filed 2026-07-03 → 2026-10-01 · totals are statutory ranges

Notable managers · quarter ended 2026-03-31

Adding: 1 Gotham Asset Management $30.6M held
Trimming: 2 Caxton Associates, Baupost Group $2.8M held

NEW + ADD vs TRIM + EXIT, by shares · $ = reported value now, not the change · FISERV INC

Merged timeline of congressional filings and notable-manager moves on FISV
Date	Who	Change	Size
2026-08-24	John Boozman Congress	SELL	$1K–$15K
2026-08-05	Julie Johnson Congress	BUY	$1K–$15K
2026-08-05	Julie Johnson Congress	SELL	$1K–$15K
2026-07-21	Alan Armstrong Congress	BUY	$1K–$15K
2026-05-15	Gotham Asset Management 13F	ADD	+112,360 sh
2026-05-14	Caxton Associates 13F	TRIM	−11,760 sh
2026-05-14	Baupost Group 13F	EXIT	−2,200,000 sh

7 newest rows · every row dates by its filing date: a disclosure's, or the 13F's for the quarter · a 13F row is a quarter-end snapshot, not a trade

16 members of Congress disclosed FISV — the congressional view ↗

A 13F is a quarterly, long-only snapshot filed up to 45 days late — not current holdings. what a 13F covers ↗

13F reports cover LONG positions in Section 13(f) securities (US exchange-traded equities plus reportable options, warrants, certain convertibles) held by managers with at least $100M in such securities — so managers below that threshold are absent entirely. No short positions, no cash, no non-13(f) assets — not a full portfolio, and not a census of institutional ownership.

Positions are quarter-end snapshots filed up to 45 days late — not current holdings. A position may have been changed or closed before you ever see it, and is older still by however long ago that quarter ended.

Values are the manager's stated market value at quarter-end in era-dependent units (whole dollars for form versions effective 2023-01-03 onward, thousands before), normalized here to whole dollars with unit_basis carried on every record.

Affiliated managers may report the same position (otherManager), so one position can appear under more than one filer.

Positions under confidential treatment may be omitted until a later amendment discloses them.

These are disclosures, not investment advice (ARCHITECTURE.md §5.2 / M2-CONTRACT §5).